Nanjing
Confucius Temple, Fuzimiao in Chinese, is the holy shrine of Confucius,
the outstanding ancient Chinese philosopher and thinker. The temple was
first built in 1034 in the Song dynasty(960-1729), expanded on the basis
of the Imperial Academy of the East Jin dynasty (317 - 420). The complex
consists of Confucius Temple, the Imperial Academy and Gongyuan where
provincial and national examinations were held. However, people called
the complex and surrounding streets Confucius Temple due to custom. The
grand complex structure experienced vicissitudes of history. It was burnt
and restored for many times. In 1937, brutal Japanese invaders burnt it
into ashes. However, it was rebuilt by the local government in accordance
with Ming and Qing style in 1984, and rated as one of the top 40 tourist
attractions in 1991.
Confucius Temple has the largest screen wall in China, which is ten-meter-high and 110-meter-long. The main structure is Dacheng Hall, seated on a 1.5-meter-high base and measuring 16.22 meters in height, 28.1 in width and 21.7 in depth. In front of the hall, there is a platform where ancient sacrificing, dancing and singing were performed. These acitivities have been revived. On the sides of the pathway leading to the hall, eight Confucius' disciples, sculptures of white marble, stand. On a stand before the hall, there is a 4.18-meter-tall bronze sculpture of Confucius, the largest of its kind within the nation. Inside of the hall, four white marble saints flank a huge portrait of Confucius hung at the center, which is also the largest of its kind. On the walls inside, there are 38 pictures recording Confucius' deeds. The pictures are decorated with various gems, gold and silver.
Mingyuan
Tower, the main structure of Gongyuan, used to be the commanding center
in the session of examinations. Behind the tower, examination rooms arrayed,
one for each student. They had to live in those shabby rooms during the
session. At its peak time, it covered a space of 70 thousand square meters
and had 20644 rooms, excluding rooms for governmental personnel.
The place was red-light district in ancient time, especially in the Ming and Qing dynasties. When national examinations were held, service industry prospered to provide thousands of candidates various services. Book houses, teahouses, hotels and whorehouses appeared like mushrooms. Many famous, talented and versatile prostitutes came to be known. The annually lantern festival held here also earned a lot of fame.